Abalam (Abacavir & Lamivudine)

Abalam belongs to antiretroviral drug in which combination of tablet that contains ingredients like Abacavir and Lamivudine Abalam is includes in the prevention of HIV-type I infection, it will combine with other anti-retroviral medicines to regulate the infections.

it is active against HIV viruses which definitely inhibit it from progressing to AIDS.

INDICATION

Abalam tablet is indicated for the treatment of patients suffering from HIV type I infection patients.

MECHANISM OF ACTION

Abacavir

Abacavir is a type includes in nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (carboxylic synthetic nucleoside analogue), which has activity against human immunodeficiency virus type I. Abacavir is converted into an active metabolite carbovir triphosphate (deoxyguanosine 5’triphosphate) dGTP by phosphorylated This active metabolite interfere with the action of reverse transcriptase by competing with dGTP and fused into viral DNA The development of viral DNA gets concerned by infusion of nucleotide which leads to lack of OH molecule. OH molecules are specific for the formation of 5’ to 3’ phosphodiester linkage which is required for chain elongation.

Lamivudine

Lamivudine is another ingredients present in Abalam , which is belongs to nucleoside synthetic analogue. Lamivudine is intracellularly phosphorylated into active 5’ triphosphate metabolite (lamivudine triphosphate 3TC-TP. This active metabolite includes in prohibition of reverse transcriptase via chain termination after infusion of nucleotide analogue.

PHARMACOKINETIC

Absorption

Abacavir and lamivudine is highly absorbed after oral administration and its bioavailability occurs at 83% and 87% respectively

Distribution

The drug Abacavir bound to human plasma protein nearly 50%; lamivudine has low plasma protein binding.

Metabolism

Abacavir metabolism occurred by alcohol dehydrogenase and glucuronyl transferase. Lamivudine is metabolized to trans-sulfoxide and biotransformation is catalyzed by sulfotransferases.

Elimination

The terminal half life of abacavir and lamivudine is 1.54±0.63 hours and 5 to 7 hours respectively. Lamivudine is excreted in human milk

DOSAGE MANAGEMENT

The usual dose of Abalam tablet is one tablet of abacavir 600mg nad 300mg Lamivudine, which to be taken orally as a single dose, in combination with other anti-retroviral medicines with or without food.

SIDE EFFECTS

Fatal hypersensitivity reactions Lactic acidosis and severe hepatomegaly with steatosis Exacerbations of hepatitis B Hepatic decompensated in patients co-infected with HIV-I and hepatitis C Immune reconstitution syndrome Fat redistribution Myocardial infraction Some common side effects; Insomnia, depression, headache, fatigue, dizziness, rash, pyrexia, abdominal pain, abnormal pain, anxiety

DRUG INTERACTION

Zalcitabine, it is not concomitant with Abalam because the effect of lamivudine which is present in the drug and Zalcitabine are inhibits each other. If taking getting methadone maintenance therapy, with abacavir 600mg twice daily leads to increase the methadone clearance HLA-B*5701 allele not co administered with abacavir due to anaphylactic reactions occurs Ethanol blocks the ability of the kidney to eliminate the drug abacavir

CONTRAINDICATION

Abalam tablets are contraindicated in the patients having HLA-B 5701 allele Hypersensitivity reaction to components present in the product Severe hepatic impairment

PRECAUTION

Caution with if patients having; Hypersensitivity reactions, lactic acidosis, severe hepatomegaly with steatosis and exacerbations of hepatitis B Fat redistribution, myocardial infarction, hepatic impairment

PREGNANCY & LACTATION

Abalam causes birth defects to unborn babies The use of Abalam in pregnant women may have warrant in use Breastfeeding mothers should not take Abalam , it excreted in human milk Nursing mothers not give milk to the babies; it might have chance of postnatal transmission.

STORAGE

The storage condition of Abalam tablets are at room temperature and keep it in dry place It should be keep away from moisture, heat, and light

MISSED DOSE

If patient not taken Tablet Abalam , then the dose should be administered within the time The particular dose should be skipped and continue the next drug schedule