Trioday (Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate, Lamivudine, Efavirenz)
Trioday tablets are not used for curing the infection, but it is involved in reduction of advancement of HIV-1 into AIDS. Trioday is used to reduce the HIV viral production
DESCRIPTION
A Trioday tablets contain three anti-retroviral agents like tenofovir DF, lamivudine & efavirenz.
Trioday tablets are not used for curing the infection, but it is involved in reduction of advancement of HIV-1 into AIDS. Trioday is used to reduce the HIV viral production
MECHANISM OF ACTION
The major mechanism of Trioday is involved in prohibition of reverse transcriptase enzyme. The enzyme is responsible for HIV viral production.
Lamivudine
Lamivudine after absorption, undergoes phosphorylation intracellularly leads to form an active moiety known as lamivudine 5’ triphosphate (nucleoside analogue). This metabolite gets inserted into DNA of HIV virus which is aided by HIV RT & HBV polymerase.
Efavirenza
The anti-viral activity of Efavirenz is due to formation of active triphosphate form of efavirenz by undergoing intracellular conversion. This formed active metabolite gets inserted into viral cells by RT causes inhibition of newly formed virions by obstruct the DNA copies.
Tenofovir DF
This prodrug converted into tenofovir by diester hydrolysis and gets phosphorylated to from triphosphate form (nucleoside analogue), inserted into viral cells by HIV RT enzyme causes chain termination. Efavirenz: chain terminator causes prohibition of new viral DNA synthesis Tenofovir DF: chain terminator Lamivudine: chain terminator
PHARMACOKINETICS
ABSORPTION
Lamivudine get absorbed very quickly. The bioavailability of lamivudine is occurs by 86% plus or minus 16%. Tenofovir bioavailability by 25% & raises up to 40% by administering with food. Time to maximum plasma concentration of tenofovir is 1.0 plus or minus 0.4 hour
DISTRIBUTION
Tenofovir: It has low protein binding capacity by 0.7% to human plasma protein or <7.2% to serum proteins. Lamivudine has human plasma protein by <36% The efavirenz binding nature of is nearly 99.5 to 99.75%.
METABOLISM
The metabolism of Trioday is occurs hepatically. Efavirenz get metabolized by using cytochrome P450 isoenzymes to form metabolites. Lamivudine get metabolized by undergoing biotransformation. Tenofovir metabolism is not induced by cytochrome isoenzymes.
ELIMINATION
The tenofovir DF elimination is occurs via glomerular filteration & active tubular secretion. Efavirenz get eliminated via urine Lamivudine eliminated by urine. The half lives of Trioday ; Tenofovir: 17 hours Efavirenz: 40 to 55 hours Lamivudine: 5 to 7 hours
DOSAGE MANAGEMENT
DOSAGE & ADMINISTRATION OF TELURA
Before begin the therapy with Trioday , patient should be examined for presence of HBV infection or not. kidney function & liver function test should be performed. The recommended dose of Trioday is one tablet should be administered as once daily. Trioday is a three drug fixed dose combination; it should be administered on an empty stomach. This tablet should be consumed at bed time due to reducing the neurological problems. Trioday should not be prescribed for; Patients who have creatinine clearance less than 50ml/min With severe renal impairment Hemodialysis patient Trioday should not be used for; Moderate & severe liver impairment patients
WARNING & PRECAUTION
LACTIC ACIDOSIS
Prevent the problem by measuring the hepatic enzymes level In severe condition stop the Trioday treatment.
AGGRAVATION OF HBV
After stopping of the anti-HBV agents, reactivation of HBV infection occurs. Inhibits the problem by investigating the patient’s history whether suspected with HBV infection or not.
LOSS OF VIROLOGICAL EFFECTS
Trioday is a three drug fixed dose combination; there is a chance of occurring resistance. Monitor the patient’s condition frequently.
NERVOUS PROBLEM
Reduce the problem by giving Trioday at bed time on an empty stomach.
EMBRYO FETAL DAMAGE
Trioday is contraindicated to pregnancy condition
SKIN PROBLEMS
Severe hypersensitivity reactions are produced during Trioday therapy. Prevent the problem by providing general supportive measures.
LIVER TOXICITY
Monitor the liver function test Maintain the hepatic enzymes In severe condition, stop the treatment
BONE DEFECTS
During the treatment, loss of calcium levels occur causes osteomalacia Prevent the problem by providing vitamin D supplements.
IMMUNE RECONSTITUTION SYNDROME
This fatal case is frequently occurred in anti-retroviral therapy. In serious condition stop the Trioday tablets. Fat redistribution, discontinue the Trioday tablets QT prolongation reduced by avoiding the concomitant use of Trioday with drugs which may extends the QT intervals.
SIDE EFFECTS
SIDE EFFECTS OF TELURA
Lactic acidosis Aggravation of HBV Renal damage Psychiatric problems Nervous problems Skin related problems Liver toxicity Hepatic decompensated cirrhosis Pancreatitis Bone defects Immune reconstitution syndrome Redistribution of fat The most common side effects; Pain in Head, pain, vomiting, abdominal pain, back pain, asthenia, diarrhea, nausea, dyspepsia, fever , lipodystrophy, arthralgia, insomnia Lab abnormalities; Cholesterol is Increased, elevation of creatine kinase, increased AST & ALT, Hematuria, neutropenia, increased serum amylase
DRUG INTERACTION
Trioday should not be combined with other anti-retroviral drugs. Trioday should not be combined with QT prolonged drugs Trioday with drugs affecting the renal functions causes increased concentration of tenofovir and leads to increase the adverse effects. Trioday should not be combined with cannabinoids receptors Trioday with CYP3A inducers causes increased clearance of Trioday & leads to reduce the plasma concentration. Trioday with warfarin causes fluctuation in prothrombin time & INR values. Trioday with anti-convulsants causes reduced effect of concentration of these drugs. Trioday with anti-fungals, anti-depressants, or anti-infective causes reduced effect of concentration of these drugs. Trioday with anti-malarial, anti-mycobacterials, calcium channel blockers, or lipid lowering drugs causes decreased effect of concentration of these drugs.
CONTRAINDICATION
Trioday is contraindicated to patients who are concomitantly received elbasvir & grazoprevir. Hypersensitivity reactions are produced due to patients is contraindicated to the component of Telura.
PREGNANCY & LACTATION
Pregnancy category of lamivudine: C Pregnancy category of efavirenz: D Pregnancy category of tenofovir: B Trioday should not be used during pregnancy condition; it may leads to embryo fetal damage Breast feeding should not be allowed.
STORAGE
Do not self medicate the Trioday tablets Storage Trioday container should be kept at temperature below 30°C Store the container away from heat, moisture & light
MISSED DOSE
Trioday is a three drug mixed dose regimen, caution should be taken during therapy using with Trioday tablets. In case of missed dose, patients must consult with medical practitioner & follow their instructions. Maintain the regular dosing schedule Avoid the missed dose if possible
Brand name
|
Trioday |
Active substance
|
Efavirenz 600mg |
Packaging
|
30 Tablets |
Product form
|
Tablet |
Strength
|
300mg |
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